Based on the colours of the wires in the first picture I’m assuming there’s another wire involved. Pulled out in pic #1 is red, black and black. A single romex would not have 2 black wires.
In pic #2 I’m seeing red, white and black with the red being the assumed line wire. If the switches were connected directly together, that white wire would be seen connected to the switch in box #1, but it’s not.
My first instinct is to say this is a 3 way with the light in the middle, but that doesn’t support there being no line wire in box #1. I’d check those 2 black wires in the first picture again with a meter. One of those should be hot. And if it is, it should be pretty simple to wire up from there.
EDIT: It may also be a good idea to pull that light fixture to see what’s going on at the light itself.